At present most consumer UK internet traffic is made up of video content (70-80%) and one of the problems with having a slower broadband ISP connection is that you’re often stuck with lower quality streaming. But that could be about to change with the new H.266 Versatile Video Coding standard, which offers 50% more compression.
Video quality is constantly improving and so is availability via video streaming platforms. The most common streams today are currently still distributed at 1080p / HD (pixel resolution of 1920 x 1080), while those who tend to pay a bit extra often get 4K / UltraHD (3,840 x 2,160) and we’re now starting to see the first early 8K (7680 x 4320) content.
The introduction of ever higher resolutions tends, at least at first, to push up data (bitrate) demands. For example, on Netflix it’s recommended to have a stable broadband download speed of 5Mbps for HD and 25Mbps for 4K (other platforms user similar figures). In reality the variable nature of video content means that the bitrate will fluctuate as the detail on display changes, but for the most part such figures are a reasonable guide.
Obviously, this can be a problem if your broadband connection remains below that level or indeed if you have a busy home where several high-quality streams may be active at the same time. Sadly we don’t all have access to “ultrafast” (100Mbps+) or “gigabit-capable” (1000Mbps+) broadband yet.
However, video compression and optimisation technology has done a fantastic job of keeping pace with such changes and as a result it’s today possible to fit increasingly high-quality video down ever slower broadband lines. For example, early 4K streams would gobble data at up to 200Mbps, but improvements in video compression via new codecs pushed this down to 50Mbps and then later.. 20-30Mbps, as is common today.
Enter H.266
At this point we could go off on a tangent about how introducing greater compression is more of a maths and processing problem, but it’s easier to just say that every few years a new video codec (often a bunch of codecs with similar features but different licensing conditions) come out that help to further squeeze high quality video streams down to an increasingly small bitrate.
One of the best-known standards of the last generation was H.265 High Efficiency Video Coding (HVEC), which was launched in 2013. A few years after that ISPreview.co.uk did a simple test to show just how much of an impact changes like this can have on internet connection performance. We compared compression between the older H.264 and newer H.265 standards at a similar level of quality output.
H.264 / AVC MPEG4 720p [MKV]
Video File Size: 987 MegaBytesTime to download at 2Mbps = 1 Hour 9 Minutes
Time to download at 24Mbps = 5 Minutes 44 SecondsH.265 / HEVC MPEG-H 720p [MKV]
Video File Size: 243 MegaBytesTime to download at 2Mbps = 17 Minutes
Time to download at 24Mbps = 1 Minute 24 SecondsWe could have compressed the H.265 copy even more and made it just 160MB in size, but this would have lost just a little too much quality.
The good news is that a project to develop the next generation of video standards, which was initiated by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in 2017 (here), has this week celebrated the release and official adoption of a new global video coding standard – H.266/Versatile Video Coding (VVC).
The Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute (together with partners from industry including Apple, Ericsson, Intel, Huawei, Microsoft, Qualcomm and Sony) are claiming that H.266 “reduces data requirements by around 50% of the bit rate relative to the previous standard.” Put another way, if an HD stream needed 5Mbps before and 4K needed 25Mbps, then under H.266 this could fall to just 2.5Mbps and 12.5Mbps respectively. Good for consumers and ISPs alike.
The H.266/VVC standard was developed with ultra-high-resolution video content in mind (4K, 8K etc.), as well as support for things like High Dynamic Range (HDR) and Omnidirectional 360° video.
Benjamin Bross, Head of the Video Coding Systems at Fraunhofer HHI, said:
“After dedicating almost three years toward this standard, we are proud to have been instrumental in developing H.266/VVC. Because of the quantum leap in coding efficiency offered by H.266/VVC, the use of video will increase further worldwide. Moreover, the increased versatility of H.266/VVC makes its use more attractive for a broader range of applications related to the transmission and storage of video.”
A uniform and transparent licensing model based on the FRAND principle (i.e. fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory) is apparently planned to be established for the use of standard essential patents related to H.266/VVC. For this purpose, the Media Coding Industry Forum (MC-IF) was founded. The first software (encoder and decoder) release to support H.266/VVC is then due this autumn 2020.
The big caveat in all this is that such changes tend to require ever faster computer processors (CPU), which can make backwards compatibility with some older devices (e.g. particularly internet connected TVs, Smartphones, set-top-boxes etc.) a bit more problematic. Generally, it tends to take a few years for any new standard to fully propagate and so we may have to wait a bit longer before the benefits start to be realised.
As for where the limits to all this are, that is much harder to answer. But suffice to say, we wouldn’t be surprised to see another such advancement some 7 years from now.
